403秒！中国“人造太阳”获重大突破
<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>第122254次实验！</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>4月12日21时，中国有“人造太阳”之称的全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置（EAST）创造新的世界纪录，成功实现稳态高约束模式等离子体运行403秒</strong><strong>，</strong></span>对探索未来的聚变堆前沿物理问题，提升核聚变能源经济性、可行性，加快实现聚变发电具有重要意义。</p><p></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>“一团耀眼的白光从山脉尽头升起……”在科幻小说《三体》中，太空飞船核聚变发动机发出的光芒如同太阳。利用核聚变等技术，人类走出地球家园，成为真正的太空文明。</strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">万物生长靠太阳。太阳之所以能发光发热，是因为内部的核聚变反应。核聚变能源的原材料在地球上极其丰富，且排放无污染，如果能造一个“太阳”来发电，人类有望实现能源自由。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">但要造出能实用的“人造太阳”，需要上亿摄氏度的等离子体、超过千秒的连续运行时间和1兆安的等离子体电流，挑战极大。为此，全球科学家们已努力70多年。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">形如“巨炉”，一腔“热火”胸中涌。EAST作为国家重大科技基础设施，拥有类似太阳的核聚变反应机制。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">4月12日晚，经过十几年聚力攻关，EAST成功实现稳态高约束模式等离子体运行403秒，刷新2017年的101秒世界纪录，实验现场一片欢腾。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">“Shot:122254。”EAST控制大厅屏幕上的数字显示，这是历经十二万多次实验取得的成功。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">“这次突破的主要意义在于‘高约束模式’。”中科院合肥物质科学研究院副院长、等离子体物理研究所所长宋云涛说，高约束模式下粒子的温度、密度都大幅度提升，“这为提升未来聚变电站的发电效率，降低成本奠定了坚实物理基础。”</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">据悉，EAST装置上有核心技术200多项、专利2000余项，汇聚“超高温”“超低温”“超高真空”“超强磁场”“超大电流”等尖端技术于一炉，共有上百万个零部件协同工作。这次成功突破，离不开等离子体控制、加热、壁处理、先进诊断等技术提升和内真空室改善。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;">目前，下一代“人造太阳”中国聚变工程实验堆已完成工程设计，未来瞄准建设世界首个聚变示范堆。</section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 10px;outline: 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