高温来袭！三伏天该如何预防中暑？
<section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="paragraph"><span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">近日，一名40岁的王先生因中暑被送至国药汉江医院急诊科救治。经过急诊团队的积极抢救，逐渐意识转清，生命体征平稳转入中医科诊治。</span></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p style="text-align:center;"><p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">据工友介绍，王先生在高温环境中工作时突然倒地，意识模糊，四肢抽搐。进入高温天气，急诊科已经连续接诊数位中暑患者，有十几岁的孩子、有年老的慢性病患者、有建筑工人。有必要科普中暑知识，来预防和减少中暑的发生。</span>
<section data-role="splitline" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="129710"><section style="margin: 25px auto 45px;display: flex;align-items: center;padding: 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(142, 176, 112);height: 1px;flex-shrink: 1;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;flex-shrink: 0;margin: -5px 0 0;"><section style="width: 35px;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="text-align:center;">
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</section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="130016"><section style="margin: 35px auto 40px;"><section style="height: 0px;overflow: hidden;"></section><section style="background-color: #f5faf2;padding: 20px 13px;border-radius: 15px;margin: -12px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#333333;background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">中暑是指高温和(或)高湿无风的环境下，由于体温调节中枢功能障碍、汗腺功能衰竭和水电解质丢失过多，而引起的以中枢神经和(或)心血管功能障碍为主要表现的急性疾病。</span></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;height: 0px;overflow: hidden;"></section></section></section><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">中暑分为</span><span style="color: #ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">先兆中暑</span></strong></span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">、</span><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">轻症中暑</span></strong></span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">、</span><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">重症中暑</span></strong></span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">，其中重症中暑又分为</span><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">热痉挛</span></strong></span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">、</span><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">热衰竭</span></strong></span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">和</span><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">热射病</span></strong></span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;caret-color: red;">。</span><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="130009"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section><section style="margin: 0 0 -15px;display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="display: flex;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;z-index: 9;margin: -10px 0 0 0;"><section style="width: 35px;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="text-align:center;">
</section></section><section style="background-color: #f3f9ef;padding: 0 7px;border-radius: 25px;margin: 0 0 0 -25px;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;color: #ffffff;background-color: #8eb070;padding: 4px 20px;border-radius: 25px;box-sizing:border-box;"><strong data-brushtype="text">1.先兆中暑</strong></section></section></section></section><section style="background-color: #f5faf2;padding: 25px 13px 13px;border-radius: 10px;box-sizing:border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#333333;background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">多汗、口渴、头昏、头晕、头痛、全身疲乏、胸闷、心悸、恶心、注意力不集中、动作不协调等症状，体温正常或略升高，一般不超过38℃。</span></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0 0;"><section style="margin: 0 0 -15px;display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="display: flex;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;z-index: 9;margin: -10px 0 0 0;"><section style="width: 35px;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="text-align:center;">
</section></section><section style="background-color: #f3f9ef;padding: 0 7px;border-radius: 25px;margin: 0 0 0 -25px;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;color: #ffffff;background-color: #8eb070;padding: 4px 20px;border-radius: 25px;box-sizing:border-box;"><strong data-brushtype="text">2.轻度中暑</strong></section></section></section></section><section style="background-color: #f5faf2;padding: 25px 13px 13px;border-radius: 10px;box-sizing:border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#333333;background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">除具有先兆中暑症状外，同时兼有以下情况之一者：</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">①面色潮红、胸闷、心率加快、皮肤灼热；</span>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">②体温在38℃以上；</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">③有早期周围循环衰竭的表现，如恶心、呕吐、面色苍白、四肢皮肤湿冷、多汗、脉搏细速、血压下降等。</span></p>
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</section></section><section style="background-color: #f3f9ef;padding: 0 7px;border-radius: 25px;margin: 0 0 0 -25px;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;color: #ffffff;background-color: #8eb070;padding: 4px 20px;border-radius: 25px;box-sizing:border-box;"><strong data-brushtype="text">3.重度中暑</strong></section></section></section></section><section style="background-color: #f5faf2;padding: 25px 13px 13px;border-radius: 10px;box-sizing:border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#333333;background-color: transparent;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #ff9100;">如不及时处理，易引起全身衰竭而死亡，应立即就医。</span></strong><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">①热痉挛</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">：出现强直性肌肉痉挛，常见于活动较多的四肢肌肉、腹部、背部肌肉的肌痉挛和收缩性疼痛。</span>
<p><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">②热衰竭</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">：常见于老年人和慢性病患者，主要表现为乏力、头晕、头痛、口渴、胸闷、恶心、呕吐、心悸、多汗、呼吸增快、脉搏细速、心律失常、皮肤湿冷、晕厥、肌痉挛、血压下降甚至休克。</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">③热射病</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">：主要表现为高热(直肠温度≥41℃)，皮肤干燥、剧烈头痛、眩晕、恶心、呕吐、灼热、昏迷、抽搐发作、呼吸急促、心动过速、瞳孔缩小、脑膜刺激征等，严重者出现休克、心力衰竭、脑水肿、肺水肿、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、急性肾衰竭、急性重型肝炎、弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）、多脏器功能衰竭或心搏骤停。</span></p>
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</section></section><section style="background-color: #8eb070;width: 100%;display: flex;align-items: center;max-width: 100% !important;box-sizing:border-box;" data-width="100%"><section style="font-size: 16px;color: #ffffff;padding: 5px 10px;box-sizing:border-box;"><strong data-brushtype="text">一、判断中暑的简单方法</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="130017"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="padding: 18px 13px;border-radius: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(142, 176, 112);margin: 0px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#333333;background-color: transparent;"><p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color: #ff9100;"><strong><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-size: 16px;">1、观察症状</span></strong></span><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">：中暑的表现形式包括头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、口渴、皮肤干燥、脉搏加快、体温升高等。</span>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">2、测量体温</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">：中暑患者的体温通常会升高到38℃、甚至可以达到40℃以上。因此，如果怀疑身边的人中暑，可以用体温计测量其体温，如果体温过高，就需要紧急送医处理了。</span>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">3、观察皮肤</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">：中暑的人皮肤通常会变得干燥、失去弹性，甚至出现皮肤烧伤的情况。</span>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">4、观察行为</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">：中暑的人通常会表现出行为异常。比如精神不集中、烦躁不安、意识模糊等。</span>
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<p><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">1、请立即将病人移到通风、阴凉、干燥的地方，如走廊、树荫下。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">2、让病人仰卧、解开衣扣或褪去衣物，如果衣服被汗水湿透，请为其更换干净衣服，同时打开电扇或空调尽快为其散热。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">3、请尽快对患者进行降温，使其体温降至38度以下。具体做法有：用凉湿毛巾冷敷头部、腋下以及腹股沟等处；</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 40px;background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">可用冰水或冷水进行全身擦浴，有条件的也可用降温毯给予降温。当体温降至</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 40px;background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;"> </span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 40px;background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">38 ℃ 以下时，要停止冷敷等一切强降温措施。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">4、病人意识清醒后可适量饮服绿豆汤、淡盐水等补充水分，也可服用人丹或藿香正气水解暑。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">5、对于重症中暑病人，要立即拨打120电话，请以专业医务人员紧急救治。</span></p>
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</section></section><section style="background-color: #8eb070;width: 100%;display: flex;align-items: center;max-width: 100% !important;box-sizing:border-box;" data-width="100%"><section style="font-size: 16px;color: #ffffff;padding: 5px 10px;box-sizing:border-box;"><strong data-brushtype="text">三、三伏天预防中暑的方法</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="130017"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="padding: 18px 13px;border-radius: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(142, 176, 112);margin: 0px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="text-align: justify;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size:14px;color:#333333;background-color: transparent;"><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-size: 16px;">1、注意补充水分</span></strong></span><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: red;font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">。高温天气下，人体水分流失较快，应及时补充水分，多吃富含水分的食物。</span><p style="text-align:center;">
<p><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">2、保证空气流通</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">。在高温下，人容易感到呼吸困难，应及时打开窗户通风。使用空调，需要定时打开窗户或排风扇让屋内换气。</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">3、避免在高温时段户外活动</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">，夏季正午时分光照最强、气温最高，请尽量避免在正午时分户外活动。</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">4、注意防晒</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">。户外活动时，应涂抹防晒霜或穿防晒衣，保护皮肤不被阳光灼伤。</span></p>
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<p><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">5、合理安排工作和休息时间</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">。高温天气，人更易感到疲乏，身体需要适当的休息来缓解肌肉疲劳和恢复体力。因此，请合理安排工作时间，劳逸结合。</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff9100;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">6、保持心情舒畅</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;">。炎炎夏日，人难免会心浮气躁。但激动情绪最伤身体，要学会理智消解，通过转移注意力等方法来消除怒气，使心情平复。</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">三伏天持续高温，除了室外高温工作会发生中暑情况，室内中暑也时有发生，尤其一些婴幼儿、孕产妇、体弱多病者、老人因为不舍得或不喜欢，不开空调、电扇，导致室内中暑现象也频频发生。对于中暑，我们一定要做到早预防、早发现、早救治。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #595959;font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;"></span>
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<p style="text-align: left;">来源：汉江医院
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