重阳节来观赏这颗古代的“时令之星”
<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><br/></p><p><br/></p><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"> 23日迎来重阳节。中国科学院紫金山天文台科普主管王科超介绍，重阳节后的一段时间，代表盛夏的“大火”将退隐，潜入地面以下，公众可抓住秋季“最后的尾巴”来观赏这颗古代的“时令之星”。</span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"> 我国古人为观测天象，把天球赤道和黄道一带的恒星分成二十八个星组，称二十八宿。心宿二是二十八宿当中心宿的一颗恒星，古人称之为“大火”，并把它作为确定季节的重要时间标志。</span></section><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"> “在历法还不完善的古代，人们通过对天象、物象和气象等的变化来盘算时令节气，指导生产。比如早在先秦时期，我国古人就已经把黄昏时分‘大火’出现在正南方的天空作为夏至的标志。《诗经》中的‘七月流火’，指农历七月，‘大火’开始西沉，是天气开始变凉的信号。还有不少民俗专家认为，重阳节的原型之一是祭祀‘大火’的仪式。这说明古人早已发现‘大火’在季秋时节退隐，冬季即将到来。”王科超说。</span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"> 由于岁差经年累月的影响，如今“大火”升降的时间有所变化。王科超介绍，现在“大火”晚8点前后位于正南方天空的时间已推迟至公历8月初，西沉开始于9月初。</span></section><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"> 今年重阳节这天，我国绝大部分地区的人们在日落后短暂的一段时间内，还可在西南方向的天空看见“大火”，但地平高度已经不足10度，可观测时间不到一小时。而到11月初，很多地方已完全看不到“大火”。</span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"> 在西方天文学中，“大火”是天蝎座的主星，名为天蝎座α，也是天蝎座中最亮的星。作为一颗红超巨星，它的半径很大，约为太阳半径的几百倍。目前它已进入“衰老”阶段，是一颗“老年恒星”。</span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 1.6em;text-align: justify;margin: 0px 0px 24px;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-decoration: none;"> 除了心宿二、“大火”、天蝎座α，这颗星还有别名“商星”。杜甫有诗云：“人生不相见，动如参与商。”这句话的意思是人生多别离、难得相见，好比此起彼落的参星与商星。王科超说，古人对星空的观察细致入微。参星是猎户座“腰带”上的三颗星，它们与商星所属的天蝎座在天球上的经度几乎相差180度，一个升起，另一个必然落下。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 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