高校团队出手！这位皇帝容貌被复原，连死因都查出来了……
<section data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">头戴帝冕、清瘦英武、不怒自威——复旦大学科技考古研究院携手陕西省考古研究院28日正式公布北周武帝宇文邕的头像“复原图”及相关考古成果<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>这是我国首次以科技考古方式复原古代帝王容貌</strong></span>。</section><p></p><section style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section class="channels_iframe_wrp wxw_wechannel_card_not_horizontal"><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_iframe videosnap_video_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-url="https://findermp.video.qq.com/251/20304/stodownload?encfilekey=rjD5jyTuFrIpZ2ibE8T7YmwgiahniaXswqzLciaCGjmpqMdxs4CnmOTkxiaiaKWE7OWA50py4aqr4vTEPlkDccfDP2iaCp6sdmunsMh57kHicSUonkWG8Mpic52DkKA&bizid=1023&dotrans=0&hy=SH&idx=1&m=&scene=0&token=AxricY7RBHdXrjibnz36RCOd3nHqoXzlAMWvUDUWVsOeeoWVVibwVYFbusCqWzymZPROzHHyicLIrAs" data-headimgurl="http://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/mj6yuxA7ILicNiaKcG9I2pOia060NicRSZ8DdzWkUib9kUIk/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8cae08f10c5d2c903ed31b0771eb52d0f38f2cc74b391d728af7f8f74@finder" data-nickname="华商报" data-desc="【北周高等级墓葬考古最新发现：武帝宇文邕疑因长期服食丹药致英年早逝，他生前长这样】" data-nonceid="13863999641812408061" data-type="video" data-mediatype="undefined" data-authiconurl="https://dldir1v6.qq.com/weixin/checkresupdate/icons_filled_channels_authentication_enterprise_a2658032368245639e666fb11533a600.png" data-from="new" data-width="1080" data-height="1920" data-id="export/UzFfAgtgekIEAQAAAAAAzPM0sNDTFQAAAAstQy6ubaLX4KHWvLEZgBPE-6JIA1w4AMWEzNPgMIuytnx4U2CPbtZA9NFkjDA3" data-isdisabled="0" data-errortips=""></mp-common-videosnap></section><section style="margin: 0px;"><br/></section><section>复原中国古代帝王容貌，最大的困难在于获得古代帝王完整的颅骨和高质量的基因组数据。</section><section><br/></section><section>幸运的是，1994年至1995年，陕西省考古研究院和咸阳市文物考古研究所对孝陵成功进行抢救性发掘，发现了宇文邕颅骨、肢骨以及天元皇太后玺，明确了这位鲜卑族帝王的身份。</section><section style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><br/></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">左下图为北周武帝宇文邕容貌复原图，右下图为阎立本绘《历代帝王图》中的北周武帝宇文邕。复旦大学科技考古研究院供图</span></span></section><section style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section>复旦大学科技考古研究院文少卿团队用专门适用于古DNA的捕获探针，从北周武帝肢骨样本上获取了约100万个可用的基因位点，还原北周武帝头发、皮肤、瞳孔等关键特征。<span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>经过6年的反复尝试，终于“描绘”出宇文邕头像。</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section>北周武帝宇文邕长什么样？还原后的头像显示：<span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>他拥有黑色头发、黄色皮肤和棕色眼睛，符合典型的东北亚、东亚人长相，与人们想象中鲜卑族相貌须发茂盛、发色偏黄和高鼻深目大不相同。</strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section>据华商报，<span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>根据微量元素分析，推测武帝宇文邕英年早逝的原因可能是长期服食丹药导致砷中毒、引发系统性疾病。</strong></span></section><section style="margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><br/></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;">提取古DNA</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;">史书记载，宇文邕（公元543-578年）出身鲜卑族裔，统一中国北方后，他雄心勃勃准备“平突厥、定江南”，可惜壮志未酬，英年早逝，与武德皇后阿史那氏合葬位于今陕西省咸阳市的孝陵。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;">1993年，陕西省考古研究院在咸阳陈马村意外发现了一座北周高等级墓葬，出土文字材料显示，墓主人为北周武帝宇文邕。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><br style="outline: 0px;"/></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">宇文邕墓墓葬全景</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;">2022年，基本建设考古过程中在咸阳北贺村发现了北周开国皇帝宇文觉墓。两墓相距约7.8千米。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">宇文觉墓墓葬发掘现场</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;">宇文邕的形象也被唐代画家阎立本绘于《历代帝王图》上。阎立本笔下的北周武帝面容丰满、身型富态，而复原的宇文邕相貌却清瘦精干。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;">“北周武帝的家族谱系表明，他的祖母王氏可能是北方汉人。”文少卿说，“鲜卑族的形成很可能是一个动态的多民族融合的过程。”</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>“复原北周武帝容貌，开历史研究先河。</strong></span>”复旦大学历史系教授韩昇认为，南北朝是中国历史上影响深远的民族大融合时期，科技考古不仅为相关历史研究提供了证据，也增进了人们对中华民族多元一体的理解。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></section><p></p><hr style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);"/><p></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 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